Acute abdomen caused by spontaneous perforation of pyometra in a patient with cervical cancer.

To cite: Kroon HM, Smolders RGV. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2016215958 DESCRIPTION Pyometra, the build-up of pus in the uterine cavity, is seen in <1% of patients with cervical cancer. Spontaneous perforation of pyometra is rare and may cause a generalised peritonitis, mimicking gastrointestinal origin. 3 Despite adequate management, consisting of an emergency laparotomy, drainage of pus and sometimes a hysterectomy (reducing curative chances in case of malignancy), morbidity and mortality (>40%) rates are high. A 65-year-old patient, recently diagnosed with cervical carcinoma (squamous cell; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stadium IIa1: Involvement of the upper two-thirds of the vagina, without parametrial invasion, <4 cm in greatest dimension), was admitted to the emergency room with sudden onset of abdominal pain. Her heart rate was 120 bpm, blood pressure 85/ 45 mm Hg and temperature was 35.2°C. Bowel sounds were absent with diffuse peritonitis during palpation. Blood test results showed a C reactive protein of 267 mg/L and leucocytes of 16.2×10/L. The clinical diagnosis was a gastrointestinal perforation. The CT scan, however, showed an enlarged uterus containing fluid and air, and free intraperitoneal air suggesting a spontaneous pyometra perforation (figure 1). During the following emergency laparotomy, 1000 mL of pus was evacuated and a perforation at the fundus of the uterus was identified (figure 2). Drainage of the abdominal cavity alone did not result in sepsis control and was achieved after a radical hysterectomy. After surgery the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for 11 days. The postoperative course was complicated by intra-abdominal abscesses and pneumonia. She was discharged from the hospital after 46 days. Owing to the pyometra perforation the patient has not been able to complete her oncological treatment of chemoradiation.